L-nucleotides; alpha- nucleotides; modified base nucleotide; phosphorodithioate linkage; tAreo-pentofuranosyl nucleotide; acyclic.Welcome, Please Log In : User Name: Password: Company Code: Forgot your password? Sign up for 30 days free! Find out why Taleo is the leading talent management solution worldwide. No software to install; No financial. The Asmat of New Guinea. Tareo 1 Waras Bayun Semendoro Language Group. The Asmat also hunt and fish. Cultural Anthropology/Print version: Wikis: Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of. Citazioni diverse da brevetti (1), Classificazioni (12). When you add in Tao Nutrition organic vanilla bean. Simply add these ingredients to a blender with water and ice. The invention relates to compositions and methods to inhibit gene expression. In particular, the invention provides co-therapies comprising oligonucleotides plus other therapies to treat cancer. Patent WO2. 00. 30. A2 - RNA INTERFERENCE MEDIATED INHIBITION OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR .. You are being redirected, click here if the page does not refresh. Siam traote tot tareo.; I Mali Riser.Say P.X.I. RNA INTERFERENCE MEDIATED INHIBITION OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR GENE EXPRESSION USING SHORT INTERFERINGNUCLEIC ACID (si. NA)This application claims the benefit of Mc. Swiggen U. S. Application Serial No. June 6, 2. 00. 2, which claims the benefit of 6. June 6, 2. 00. 1; of Mc. Swiggen U. S. Application Serial No. September 1. 9, 2. Mc. Swiggen U. S. Application Serial No. July 3, 2. 00. 2; of Mc. Swiggen, U. S. Application Serial No. October 2. 1, 2. 00. Mc. Swiggen, U. S. Application Serial No. July 2. 5, 2. 00. Beigelman, U. S. Application Serial No. February 2. 0, 2. Beigelman, U. S. Application Serial No. March 1. 1, 2. 00. Beigelman, U. S. Application Serial No. June 6, 2. 00. 2; of Beigelman, U. S. Application Serial No. August 2. 9, 2. 00. Beigelman, U. S. Application Serial No. September 5, 2. 00. Beigelman, U. S. Application Serial No. September 9, 2. 00. Beigelman, U. S. Application Serial No. January 1. 5, 2. 00. These applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties, including the drawings. Field Of The Invention. The present invention concerns compounds, compositions, and methods for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions and diseases that respond to the modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene expression. The present invention also concerns compounds, compositions, and methods relating to conditions and diseases that respond to the modulation of expression and/or activity of genes involved in the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Specifically, the invention relates to small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (si. NA), short interfering RNA (si. RNA), double- stranded RNA (ds. RNA), micro- RNA (mi. RNA), and short hairpin RNA (sh. RNA) molecules capable of mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genes, including HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4 gene expression. The discussion is provided only for understanding of the invention that follows. The summary is not an admission that any of the work described below is prior art to the claimed invention. RNA interference refers to the process of sequence- specific post- transcriptional gene silencing in animals mediated by short interfering RNAs (si. RNAs) (Fire et al., 1. Nature, 3. 91, 8. The corresponding process in plants is commonly referred to as post- transcriptional gene silencing or RNA silencing and is also referred to as quelling in fungi. The process of post- transcriptional gene silencing is thought to be an evolutionarily- conserved cellular defense mechanism used to prevent the expression of foreign genes and is commonly shared by diverse flora and phyla (Fire et al, 1. Trends Genet., 1. Such protection from foreign gene expression may ha. Ve evolved in response to the production of double- stranded RNAs (ds. RNAs) derived frdni viral infection or from the random integration of transposon elements into a host genome via a cellular response that specifically destroys homologous single- stranded RNA or viral genomic RNA. The presence of ds. RNA in cells triggers the RNAi response though a mechanism that has yet to be fully characterized. This mechanism appears to be different from the interferon response that results from ds. RNA- mediated activation of protein kinase PKR and 2',5'- oligoadenylate synthetase resulting in non- specific cleavage of m. RNA by ribonuclease L. The presence of long ds. RNAs in cells stimulates the activity of a ribonuclease III enzyme referred to as dicer. Dicer is involved in the processing of the ds. RNA into short pieces of ds. RNA known as short interfering RNAs (si. RNAs) (Berstein et al., 2. Nature, 4. 09, 3. Short interfering RNAs derived from dicer activity are typically about 2. Elbashir et al., 2. Genes Dev., 1. 5, 1. Dicer has also been implicated in the excision of 2. RNAs (st. RNAs) from precursor RNA of conserved structure that are implicated in translational control (Hutvagner et al., 2. Science, 2. 93, 8. The RNAi response also features an endonuclease complex, commonly referred to as an RNA- induced silencing complex (RISC), which mediates cleavage of single- stranded RNA having sequence complementary to the antisense strand of the si. RNA duplex. Cleavage of the target RNA takes place in the middle of the region. RNA duplex (Elbashir et al., 2. Genes Dev., 1. 5, 1. RNAi has been studied in a variety of systems. Fire et al., 1. 99. Nature, 3. 91, 8. RNAi in C. Wianny and Goetz, 1. Nature Cell Biol., 2, 1. RNAi mediated by ds. RNA in mouse embryos. Hammond et al, 2. Nature, 4. 04, 2. RNAi in Drosophila cells transfected with ds. RNA. Elbashir et al, 2. Nature, 4. 11, 4. RNAi induced by introduction of duplexes of synthetic 2. RNAs in cultured mammalian cells including human embryonic kidney and He. La cells. Recent work in Drosophila embryonic lysates (Elbashir et al, 2. EMBO J., 2. 0, 6. RNA length, structure, chemical composition, and sequence that are essential to mediate efficient RNAi activity. These studies have shown that 2. RNA duplexes are most active when containing 3 '- terminal dinucleotide overhangs. Furthermore, complete substitution of one or both si. RNA strands with 2'- deoxy (2'- H) or 2'- O- methyl nucleotides abolishes RNAi activity, whereas substitution of the 3'- terminal si. RNA overhang nucleotides with 2'- deoxy nucleotides (2'- H) was shown to be tolerated. Single mismatch sequences in the center of the si. RNA duplex were also shown to abolish RNAi activity, r addition, these studies also indicate that the position of the cleavage site in the target RNA is defined by the 5'- end of the si. RNA guide sequence rather than the 3'- end of the guide sequence (Elbashir et al, 2. EMBO J, 2. 0, 6. 87. Other studies have indicated that a 5'- phosphate on the target- complementary strand of a si. RNA duplex is required for si. RNA activity and that ATP is utilized to maintain the 5'- phos. Replacing up to four nucleotides on each end of the si. RNA with deoxyribonucleotides has been reported to be well- tolerated, whereas complete substitution with deoxyribonucleotides results in no RNAi activity (Elbashir et al, 2. EMBO J, 2. 0, 6. 87. Li et al, International PCT Publication No. WO 0. 0/4. 49. 14, and Beach et al, International PCT Publication No. WO 0. 1/6. 88. 36 preliminarily suggest that. RNA may include modifications to either the phosphate- sugar backbone or the nucleoside to include at least one of a nitrogen or sulfur heteroatom, however, neither application postulates to what extent such modifications would be tolerated in si. RNA molecules, nor provides any further guidance or examples of such modified si. RNA. Kreutzer et al, Canadian Patent Application No. RNA constructs in order to counteract activation of double- stranded RNA- dependent protein kinase PKR, specifically 2'- amino or 2'- O- methyl nucleotides, and nucleotides containing a 2'- O or 4'- C methylene bridge. However, Kreutzer et al. The authors describe the introduction of thiophosphate residues into these si. RNA transcripts by incorporating thiophosphate nucleotide analogs with T7 and T3 RNA polymerase and observed that RNAs with two phosphorothioate modified bases also had substantial decreases in effectiveness as RNAi. Further, Parrish et al. The authors also tested certain modifications at the 2'- position of the nucleotide sugar in the long si. RNA transcripts and found that substituting deoxynucleotides for ribonucleotides produced a substantial decrease in interference activity, especially in the case of Uridine to Thymidine and/or Cytidine to deoxy- Cytidine substitutions. In addition, the authors tested certain base modifications, including substituting, in sense and antisense strands of the si. RNA, 4- thiouracil, 5- bromouracil, 5- iodouracil, and 3- (aminoallyl)uracil for uracil, and inosine for guanosine. Whereas 4- thiouracil and 5- bromouracil substitution appeared to be tolerated, Parrish reported that inosine produced a substantial decrease in interference activity when incorporated in either strand. Parrish also reported that incorporation of 5- iodouracil and 3- (aminoallyl)uracil in the antisense strand resulted in a substantial decrease in RNAi activity as well. The use of longer ds. RNA has been described. For example, Beach et al,International PCT Publication No. WO 0. 1/6. 88. 36, describes specific methods for attenuating gene expression using endogenously- derived ds. RNA. Tuschl et al. International PCT Publication No. WO 0. 1/7. 51. 64, describe a Drosophila in vitro RNAi system and the use of specific si. RNA molecules for certain functional genomic and certain therapeutic applications; although Tuschl, 2. Chem. Biochem., 2, 2. RNAi can be used to cure genetic diseases or viral infection due to the danger of activating interferon response. Li et al, International PCT Publication No. WO 0. 0/4. 49. 14, describe the use of specific ds. RNAs for attenuating the expression of certain target genes. Zernicka- Goetz et al, International PCT Publication No. WO 0. 1/3. 66. 46, describe certain methods for inhibiting the expression of particular genes in mammalian cells using certain ds. RNA molecules. Fire et al, International PCT Publication No. WO 9. 9/3. 26. 19, describe particular methods for introducing certain ds. RNA molecules into cells for use in inhibiting gene expression. Plaetinck et al, International PCT Publication No. WO 0. 0/0. 18. 46, describe certain methods for identifying specific genes responsible for conferring a particular phenotype in a cell using specific ds. RNA molecules. Mello et al, International PCT Publication No. WO 0. 1/2. 90. 58, describe the identification of specific genes involved in ds. RNA- mediated RNAi. Deschamps Depaillette et al, International PCT Publication No. WO 9. 9/0. 74. 09, describe specific compositions consisting of particular ds. RNA molecules combined with certain anti- viral agents.
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